Pioneering Past and Bright of Impactful Research and Scholarly Achievements

“EXCELLENCE THROUGH KNOWLEDGE” P A G E 124 In addition to various other international journals, a significant number of the papers that are listed in this publication were published in the Journal of Arts Science and Technology (JAST). The Journal of Arts, Science, and Technology (JAST) is an international, multi-disciplinary, peer- reviewed journal aiming to promote and enhance research and technology in diverse fields of knowledge, includingarchitecture, arts, businessmanagement, computing, education, engineering, finance, health, hospitality, law, liberal studies, marketing, pharmacy, sports, and urban planning. JAST is published by the University of Technology, Jamaica, and is intended for readers in the scholarly community and for professionals in industry. Besides research papers, the journal welcomes scholarly book reviews, conference papers, and commentaries. JAST is published annually. Each issue will include the following sections: editorial, research papers, book reviews, conference reports, and industry viewpoints. UTECH JAMAICA’S FLAGSHIP JOURNAL